Electrical resistivity tomography is a geophysical imaging technique used to investigate and map subsurface structures and properties based on variations in electrical resistivity. By injecting electrical currents into the ground through a series of electrodes and measuring the resulting voltages, researchers can create a 2D or 3D image of the subsurface resistivity distribution. This method is commonly used in environmental studies, archaeology, and civil engineering to identify features such as groundwater flow paths, contamination plumes, buried artifacts, and geological structures. Additionally, electrical resistivity tomography is non-invasive and cost-effective, making it a valuable tool for subsurface exploration and monitoring.